Controlling device for electrical apparatus.



E. F. G. H. FAURE.

CONTROLLING DEVICE FOR ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 31. 1910:

Patented Deo. 20, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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CONTROLLING DEVICE FOR ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED 11111.31. 1910.

979, 148. Patented 1190.20, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.

ELIE F. G. H. FAURE, 0E ERIE. PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNB T0 BURKE ELECTRICCOMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA. i

CONTROLLING DEVICE FOR ELECTRICALv APPARATUS'.

Specification of Letters Patent. I `Patented Dec, '20, 1910.

Application led January 31, 1910. Serial No. 540,983.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ELIE F. G. H. FAURE, a citizen of theRepublic ofFrance, residing at Erie, in the county of Erie and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inControlling Devices for Electrical Apparatus, of which the following isa full, clear, and exact specification.

This inventio-n relates to controlling devices for electrical apparatus.

More specifically this invention relates to controlling devices for,electrical apparatus particularly of the portable type.

It has been common experience with port able electrical tools andappliances that the leads running from fixed mains to the tool orappliance are subject to considerable wear and breakage, and are thechief cause of trouble, delay and expense. In constructions of the priorartthe leads are run to contacts to which they are fastened by screws orthe like, the several parts requiring proper preparation, fitting andassembling to give good electrical connection; hence when it is desiredto change the leads in said prior devices, the services of a skilledelectrician are required, causing considerable expense in services andkeeping the tool or appliance out of use until repaired.

It is the object of my invention to devise a. controlling means whichmay be most readily mounted in position on the electrical tool orappliance, and also most readily dismounted, the operations of mountingand dismounting involving mere mechanical manipulation, and hencecapable of being quickly accomplished by even unskilled labor.

My invention may be described as applied to portable, electric motordriven tools, such as drills, grinders, and the like.

In general, my controller is constructed and arranged so as to beapplied as a unit to the tool or appliance by mere mechanicalmanipulation, involvingr only the use of screws, bolts, clips, or thelike.

Essentially my controller embodies a resilient switch member carryingmovable contacts adapted to be brought in electrical connectio-n withcontacts fixed on the tool or appliance, said member further carrying amagnetic armature which coacts with subsidiary pole pieces disposed onthe field element of the motor of the tool or appliance, so that uponmanually moving said switch member to bring themovable contacts inelectrical connection with the fixed contacts to vclose the circuit, thefield of the Inotor is energized, and the magnetic armature re tains thecontact elements in engagement, thus relieving the operator of anyeffort required in holding the contact elements in closed-circuitposition. Furthermore, when the circuit is broken by any cause, ornovoltage exists in the supply circuit, the magnetic armature isreleased, effecting an opening of the electrical connection of the toolor appliance with the supply circuit.

In the referred forms of my invention, myvco-ntro ler embodies a handlefor holding the too-l or appliance, and means for supporting the cablecarrying the leads which run to the movable contacts. In the variousforms of my invention the line of movement of the co-ntact elements inopening the cir cuit is disposed in a direction transverse, preferablyat right angles, to the lines of force of the magnetic field of the toolor appliance, or a portion of said field, whereby the magnetism o-f themotor is utilized to blow out arcs which may be formed upon opening ofthe circuit'.

Other objects and features of my invention will be understood from thefollowing description and the accompanying draw ings, in which- Figure lis a perspective view of a drill provided with one form of'my invention;Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section of my controller shown in Fig.1; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a grinder embodying a second form ofmy invention; Fig. 4 is a vertical central section of the handle orswitch plate, a part of the motor yoke and a fragment of a motorpole-piece being shown; Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4

looking in the direction of the arrow; Fig.l

Referring to the drawings. the apparatus comprises a motor field yoke 1.of iron, steel or any suitable magnetic material. To this yoke aresecured the pole-pieces 2 and 3 by 'means of screws 4, which passthrough the oke and enter into the pole-pieces in a well nown manner.These pole-pieces may be of iron or steel, and may be constructed solidor laminated, or partially solid and partially laminated, as isindicated by the requirements of the conditions of operation, as is wellunderstood. Within t e polepieces rotates an armature 5, having itsshaft vertically disposed in bearings 6 and 7. The armature is shown asof the direct current type, and comprising a commutator 8 and brushes 9.Upon the pole-pieces 2 and 3 are mounted the field coils, as will bedescribed more fully hereinafter. Bearings 6 and 7 are carried byaluminum heads 10 and 11, which .are secured to the field yoke at itsends. Within the head 11 is mounted gearing whereby power is transmittedto the tool shaft carrying the chuck 12, and proper relation of the toolspeed to that of the motor is secured. 4These gears may be of usualconstruction, and therefore need no illustration or description. A drill13 is shown in Fig. 1 secured to the chuck 12; Fig. 2 illustrates agrinding wheel 24 conpled to the chuck 12. The head 10 is rovided with aremovable section 14 Whic is held in place by a screw 15, engaging witha lug 16 and screwing into the field yoke. This removable sectionpermits ready access to the commutator and brushes. A handle 17 is fixedto the head 10 to facilitate the manipulation of the apparatus.

In the yoke 1 is a hole 18 adapted to be closed by an aluminum plate orbox 19, which is bolted to the yoke. This plate or b ox serves not onlyas a plate to cover the hole and to secure the handle and cablesupporting and protecting means to the apparatns, but it also serves asa box for the reception of the controller or switch parts. At one end ofthe switch box is an opening through which a cable containing theconductors or leads' 21 and 22 enters. The cable is packed at the pointof entry so as to make a tight joint to give proper support, and a tubeis secured to the box 19 to give further support to the cable. The cableoutside may extend to an attaching plug 23, whereby connection of theleads to a suitable source may be effected.

In the form of my controller shown in F io's. 1 and 2, the tube 20 issecured to the switch box 19 at right angles to the axis of the armatureshaft, that is, the tube 20 extends horizontally from the box 19 whenthe drill is held vertically, the operator grasping the handle 17 andthe tube 20 when performing work with the device. lVithin the tube 20,and insulated therefrom, is mounted, a resilient strip 25 carrying :lbrass plate :29, to the` outell end of which is secured an iron bur orplate 30. Upon the top of the brass plate 29 is u sheet 31 of mica, orother suitable insulating material, and upon the sheetl 31 at. one endis secured a Yblock :l2 of fiber. or the like, upon which block 32 aresecured conducting strips 33. Il-t, preferably of resilient material,which strips extend through the hole. 18 in the motor casing and carryat their extremities contacts 35 nml 36 which are adapted to engagerespectively with the stationary contacts 37 an( 38, the latter beingmounted upon the inside of' thc motor yoke. but insulated therefrom, andconnecttul to the motor circuit. 'lhe strips and 34 are, of course,insulated from each other and are respectively connected to the leads 21and 22. posed in a hole on the lower side of the switch box '19, whichwhen pressed upwardly strikes the brass plate 29, causing tbe movablecontacts 35 and 36 to come into engagementwith the stationary contacts37 and 38..

.\. similar push button 28 is disposed in a hole on the upper side ofthe switch box 19 which when pushed downwardly strikes the block 32,thereby effecting a separation of the movable contacts from thestationary contacts, and o ening the circuit connections of the motorwith the sup lycircuit.

The controller of the orm illustrated in Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 isconstructed and arranged in manner similar to the form just described,differing, however, in certain mechanical details. ln this form the box19 is provided with a hollow extension 42 for housing the plunger rod 43provided with finger pieces 44, 45, the former for pushing the plungerupwardly, and the latter for pushing the plunger downwardly. A handle 46is secured to the up )er end of the box 19 and to the lower en of theextension 42. The tube 47 for supporting and protecting the cable entersthe switch box 19 at its upper end. Upon the upper end of the plunger 43is secured a brass plate 29, carrying an iron bar or plate 30, a sheet31, block 32, resilient strips 33, 34 and contacts 35, 36, each beingsimilar to corres )ending parts in the first described form of myinvention.

A projection 39 is formed upon one of the pole pieces. and a similarprojection 40 is formed upon the other pole-piece. These projectionsare, of course, of magnetic material, Aand it will be understood thatalthough the motor is illustrated as having but two pole-pieces. theinventionis applicable to a multipolar machine. The iron bar 30 ispositioned av short distance below the projections 39 and 40, and in themagnetic field between said projections 39 and 40, thus being disposedin .an interpolar space.

In Figs. 7 andv 8, I illustrate two arrange- The push button 27 is dsfaoments of the electrical connections ofthe stal the one case,- or thefinger-piece 45, in the tionary contacts 37 and 38 with the field isecond case, whereupon the contacts 35 and colls and the armature of themotor, the first t 36 will be separated from the stationary conshowing aseries arrangement, and the second showing a combined series and shuntconnection. The particular electrical arrangement will bc determined bythe character of work to be performed b v thel tool or appliance, aswill be understood by those skilled in the art. Referring to Fig. 7, thestationary contact 3S is connected to one terminal of the field coil 50.the other terminal of that field coil being connected wih av terminal ofthe field coil 51. the other terminal of the field coil 51 heiligconnected with one of the brushes 9. the other brush being in electricalconnection with the sationary contact 37. In the arrangement illustratedin Fig. 8, the contact 37 is con l nected to one terminal of -the seriescoil 52 of relatively large wire. the oher terminal of this coil beingconnected to one of the brushes t). The contact 38 is connected in a'like manner to one terminal of the series coil 53, similar to coil 52.the remaining terminal of coil 53 heilig connected to the other brush 9.The contact'37 is also connected to one terminal of the shunt coil 54,of relatively fine wire, and the Contact 38 is connected in a likemanner to one terminal of the shunt coil 55, similar to coil 54. theremaining terminals of the coils 54 and being connected with cach other.

As above indicated. the movable contacts 35 and 3G are respectivelyconnected to the line conductors 21 and Q2. lVith the parts in theposition as shown in the drawings, it is apparent that the movablecontacts are not in engagement with the stationary contacts. andthereupon the leads are disconnected from the motor circuit. If,however, the strip 25. in the first case, or the. plunger 43, in thesecond case, is pressed upwardly, as by pressing the button 27 orfinger-piece 44. respectively, upwardly, the contacts 35 and 36 willcome into'engagement with the stationary contacts 37 and 38, and circuitcan then be traced from one of the leads 21 through the motor fields andarmature to the other lead 22. The contacts 37 and 38 are fixed on themotor yoke, so that when the strip 25, or the plunger 43, is movedupwardly to the limit of its movement, the springs 33 and 34 will bepressed downwardly and a tension created, thereby tending to force themovable contacts and the parts supporting the same downwardly. In thefirst form of my invention. the resiliency of the strip Q5, or of thespring 41, in the second form, assists further in giving a bias to themovable contacts 35 and 36 in a downward direction, that is, away fromthe stationary contacts 37 and 38. If now it is desired to stop themotor, a downward pressure may be exerted on the button 28, in

.strip 25, in the one case, 'or the tension of the spring 41, in theother case, Will cause the contacts 35 and 36 to be moved into theirlower position. The switch mechanism thus serves the purpose of a11o-load or 11o-voltage circuit-breaker, and it will be seen that afterthe power has once been cut. ott', the motor cannot again be startedwithout the operation of re-closing the contacts. It will be noted thatthe contacts are located in such proximity to the field of the motor,that any arcs which may be drawn bet-Ween them on opening, will extendat right angles to the lines of magnetic force of the motor field andwithin lthe influence thereof, and hence will be immediately blown out.

The handle and electrical controlling parts, it will be seen, aremounted on the tool by mere mechanical manipulation, and can be quicklyperformed even vby labor unskilled in making electrical connections andfittings. In practice, I find it advantageous to make the switch parts,the cable support and handle, and the cable as a unit and of standardform, thus permitting quick dismounting of worn out or defective units,and the replacing of new units. It will further be seen that myinvention possesses the valuable feature of requiring an appreciableeffort' to open the circuit, thus discouraging the operator fromtrifling or toying with the switch mechanism.

It will be understood thatymy controlling means may be applied to anyelectrical apparatus whether portable or not, and whether anelectromagnetic field is utilized in the operation of the apparatus ornot, since in the last named case, an electro-magnet specifically forco-actin with the n1agnetic armature of my controller may be pro vided.

Whereas I have illustrated my invention in what I consider its bestforms, I do not desire my invention to be limited to the same, since thedifferent forms shown and described are capable of various changes ormodifications within the scope of my invention.

Having thus described my invention I declare that what I claim as newand desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination of a. portable electric device having anelectromagneticV field element, a handle for said device, a movableswitch element disposed in said handle, a fixed contact on sai devicecoperating with said movable switch element, and means controlled bysaid electromagnetic field element for maintaining said movable switchelement in closed position.

2. The combination with a rotary electric motor, of a switch forcontrolling the same, the contacts of said switch being arranged inproximity to said motor so that arcs formed at said contacts will beblown out by magnetism of said motor.

3. The combinationwith a rotary electric motor of a switch forcontrolling the same, said switch being controlled by the magnetism ofsaid Inotor and the contacts of said switch being arranged so that arcsformed at said contacts will be blown out by magnetism of said motor.

4. The combination of a portable electric device having anelectromagnetic field element, a handle for said device, a movableswitch element disposed in said handle, fixed contact terminalsconnected to the eld circuit of said device and disposed on said deviceadjacent said handle, means actuated by the field of said electricdevice for maintaining said movable switch element in closed position,and manually operated means for moving said switch element to closed andopen positions.

The combination with an electric motor of a switch t'or controlling),`the same and a magnetic armature extending within an interpolar space ofsaid motor said armature controlling said switch and being within theinfluence of magnetism of said motor, the contacts of said switch beingwithin an interpolar space of said motor and in such proximity theretothat arcs formed at said contacts will be blown out by magnetism of saidmotor.

6. The combination of a portable electric device having anelectromagnetic field element, a handle for said device, a movablemagnetic device mounted in said handle, fixed terminals on said electricdevice, a movable switch element in said handle and coperating with saidfixed terminals, means whereby the movement of said magnetic device iscommunicated to said movable switch element, and means controlled by themagnetism of said electric device for maintaining said movable magneticdevice in a certain position.

7. The combination with an electric device having an electromagneticfield element, a handle for said device. a fixed contact on said device.a movable switch element disposed in said handle cooperating with saidfixed contact, means controlled by said electromagnetic field elementIfor maintaining said switch element in closed circuit position. andmanual means for moving said switch element to open and closedpositions.

8. The combination with an electric motor of contacts mounted thereon towhich the motor circuit is connected, a removable switch box secured tosaid motor, contacts secured in said switch box and adapted to engagethe aforesaid contacts when the parts are assembled and sup ly leadsconnected with the contacts in sal switch box.

9. The combination with an electric motor of contacts mounted thereon towhich the motor circuit is connected, a removable switch box secured tosaid motor, contacts mounted in said switch box, supply leads connectedwith the contacts in said switch box, the contacts in said switch boxbeing adapted to engage with the contacts mounted upon the motor whenthe parts are assembled, and means mounted upon the switch box forcontrolling the contacts.

l0. The combination with an electric motor of contacts mounted thereonto which the motor circuit is connected, a removable switch box securedto said motor, contacts mounted in said switch box, supply leadsconnected with the contacts in said switch box, the contacts in saidswitch box being adapted to engage with the contacts mounted upon themotor when the parts are assembled, and meansv upon the switch box andmovable longitudinally of the motor axis for controlling the contacts.

11. The combination with an electric motor of contacts mounted thereonto which the motor circuit is connected, a removable Switch box'secure'dto said motor, contacts mounted in said switch box, supply leadsconnected with the contacts in said switch bo`x, the contacts in saidswitch box being adapted to engage with the contacts mounted upon themotor when the parts are assemb ed, means mounted upon the switch boxfor controlling the contacts, and a handle secured to said switch box.

12. The combination with an electric motor having a hole in its yoke, ofa switch box adapted to be secured to said yoke to cover said hole,contacts mounted within said motor and connected to the motor circuit,movable contacts mounted within said switch box and extending into aninterpolar i space of said motor, said movable contacts being adaptedwhen the parts are assembled to engage with the contacts mounted uponthe motor, means mounted upon the switch box for operating the movablecon tacts and supply leads connected with the contacts mounted in saidswitch box.

13. The combination with an electric motor having a hole in its yoke ofa switch box adapted to be secured to said yoke to cover said hole,contacts mounted within said motor and connected to the motor circuit,movable contacts mounted within said switch box and extending into aninterpolar space of said motor, said movable contacts lli.

being adapted when the. parts are assembled to engage with the contactsmounted upon the motor, means mounted upon the switch box for operatingthe movable contacts and supply leads connected with the contactsmounted in said switch box and a handle upon said switch box.

14. The combination with an electric moi tor having a hole in its yoke,of a switch box adapted to be secured to said yoke to cover said hole,contacts mounted within said motor and connected to the motorcircu-it,movable contacts mounted within said switch box and extendinginto an interpolai' space of said motor, said movable contacts beingadapted when the'parts are assembled to engage with the contacts mounteduponl the motor, means mounted upon the switch box for operating themovable contacts'and supply leads connected with the contacts mounted insaid switch box, and a magnetic armature mechanically connected withsaid movable contacts, said armature being within the infiuence of themagnetism of the said motor.

15. The combination with an electric motor having a hole in its yoke, ofa switch box adapted to be secured to said yoke to cover said hole,contacts mounted within said motor and connected to the motor circuit,movable contacts mounted within said switch box and extending into aninterpolar space of said motor, said movable contacts being adapted whenthe parts are assembled to engage with the contactsmounted upon themotor, means mounted upon the switch box for operating the movablecontacts, sup*- ply leads connected with the contacts mounted in saidswitch box, and a magnetic armature mechanically connected with said1novable contacts, said armature being withinv the influence of themagnetismv ofthe said armature and said movable contacts being withinthe magnetism of said motor so that arcs formed at the contacts will beblown out by't-he magnetism of the motor.

16. The combination with an electric motor having a terminal fixedthereon, of av removable device embodying a movable -switch element, aconductor connected to said movable element and adapted to be connectedto the supply circuit, and 'means controlled bythe field of said motorcoperating with said movable element for maintaining said motor inclosed circuit vconnection with the supply circuit.

17. A tool `or appliance comprising in combination a motor,l a switchelement for controlling said motor 'removably mounted on a part of saidmotor, means for supporting the cable running to said switch element,and means for `removably securingsaid switch element and said cablesupporting means as a unit to said motor.

18. The combination with an electric device having an electromagneticfield element, said electric device having terminals fixed thereto, of aunitary removable element'comprising a movable switch element, magneticmeans controlled by said electromagnetic field element for maintainingsaid switch element in closed circuit position with said fixedterminals, and manual means for moving said switch element to open andclosed positions.

19. In a tool, an electric motor, acasing for the same, terminals forthe motor circuit, said terminals being located on said casing adjacenteach other and on one side of the same, a switch element coperating withsaid terminals, means for supporting the cable running to said switchelement, and means for removably securing said switch element and saidcable supporting means asa unit to said casing.

20. The combination 'with a portable electric device having anelectromagnetic eld element, said electric device having terminals fixedthereto, of a handle removably ksecured as a unit to said electricdevice, said ment of said motor, the movable contact 5 elelnent of saidswitch extending within an interpolar space of said motor and in suchrelation thereto that arcs formed at the contacts of said switchwill beblown out by the magnetism of said motor,

22. The combination with an electric motor,.gof a switch forvcontrolling' the same, a contact of said switch beingcarried by thefield element of the. motorfand means for mounting the movable contactelement of said switch so as to extend within an interpolar spaceofsaid'motor and in such rela' tion theret-o that arcs formed at thecontacts of said switch will be blown out by the magnetism of saidmotor.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signa-ture, in presence of twowitnesses.

ELIE F. G. H'. FAURE. l

Witnesses:

GEO. H. WINKLER, Jr., IC. H. SCHUM.

